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PracticePortuguese.com
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Neste mês é bom recordar a Revolução dos Cravos de 25 de abril de 1974,
{{This month it’s good to remember the Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1974,}}
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que mudou o rumo da História de Portugal.
{{which changed the course of Portugal’s history.}}
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Um homem que está indelevelmente ligado a estes acontecimentos é Fernando José Salgueiro Maia.
{{A man who is indelibly linked to these events is Fernando José Salgueiro Maia.}}
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Salgueiro Maia nasceu em 1944 em Castelo de Vide,
{{Salgueiro Maia was born in 1944 in Castelo de Vide,}}
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perto de Portalegre.
{{near Portalegre.}}
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Filho único de um trabalhador dos caminhos de ferro,
{{The only son of a railway worker,}}
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perdeu a mãe num acidente de viação quando tinha apenas quatro anos.
{{he lost his mother in a car accident when he was only 4 years old.}}
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Depois de concluir os estudos secundários,
{{After completing his secondary education,}}
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ingressou no exército português em 1964.
{{he joined the Portuguese army in 1964.}}
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Enquanto jovem capitão estacionado em Santarém,
{{While a young captain stationed in Santarém,}}
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tomou conhecimento do Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA),
{{he became aware of the Armed Forces Movement (MFA),}}
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um movimento clandestino de capitães do exército que se opunha ao governo opressivo do Estado Novo,
{{a clandestine movement of army captains who opposed the oppressive government of the Estado Novo,}}
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em vigor desde 1939, principalmente sob liderança do ditador António de Oliveira Salazar.
{{in force since 1939, mainly under the leadership of dictator António de Oliveira Salazar.}}
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Em 1966, Salgueiro Maia foi enviado na sua primeira missão para combater nas guerras coloniais que tinham começado cinco anos antes.
{{In 1966, Salgueiro Maia was sent on his first mission to fight in the colonial wars that had started 5 years earlier.}}
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Rapidamente se apercebeu da dura realidade da guerra e da futilidade de prosseguir a campanha militar no estrangeiro.
{{He quickly realized the harsh reality of war and the futility of continuing the military campaign abroad.}}
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A sua mulher Natércia recorda — “Quando ele foi para Moçambique,
{{His wife Natércia remembers — “When he went to Mozambique,}}
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havia aquele espírito de cavaleiro,
{{there was that spirit of a knight,}}
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de salvar a nação, e essas ideias foram-lhe incutidas pela sua formação e pela Academia Militar.
{{of saving the nation, and those ideas were instilled in him by his education and the Military Academy.}}
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Mas quando lá chegou,
{{But when he arrived there,}}
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viu que esses ideais não faziam sentido.”
{{he saw that those ideals didn’t make sense.”}}
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Quando regressou da Guiné,
{{When he returned from Guinea,}}
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em outubro de 1973, integrou a comissão coordenadora do MFA e foi escolhido para liderar o avanço militar sobre Lisboa.
{{in October 1973, he joined the MFA coordinating commission and was chosen to lead the military advance on Lisbon.}}
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A sorte estava lançada.
{{The die was cast.}}
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Para assinalar o início da revolução,
{{To mark the beginning of the revolution,}}
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foram emitidos sinais radiofónicos secretos.
{{secret radio signals were broadcast.}}
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O primeiro foi a canção E Depois do Adeus de Paulo de Carvalho. Isto alertou Salgueiro Maia e os seus cadetes para agirem.
{{The first was the song “E Depois do Adeus” by Paulo de Carvalho. This alerted Salgueiro Maia and his cadets to take action.}}
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O outro sinal foi “Grândola, Vila Morena”,
{{The other signal was “Grândola, Vila Morena”,}}
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uma canção popular do grande cantor e compositor Zeca Afonso.
{{a folk song by the great singer and composer Zeca Afonso.}}
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Indicava que os golpistas tinham tomado o controlo de zonas estratégicas do país.
{{It indicated that the coup leaders had taken control of strategic areas of the country.}}
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(Esta canção é tocada em todo o país no dia 25 de abril desde esse dia.)
{{(This song has been played across the country on April 25 since that day.)}}
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Quando o primeiro sinal foi dado,
{{When the first signal was given,}}
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Salgueiro Maia dirigiu-se a um grupo de homens sob o seu comando no quartel.
{{Salgueiro Maia addressed a group of men under his command at the barracks.}}
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Estas são as palavras frequentemente citadas que utilizou — “Há diversas modalidades de Estado — os estados socialistas,
{{These are the frequently quoted words he used — “There are several forms of the State— socialist states,}}
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os estados corporativos e o estado a que isto chegou!
{{corporate states, and the state to which this has come!}}
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Ora, nesta noite solene,
{{Now, on this solemn night,}}
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vamos acabar com o estado a que chegámos.
{{let’s put an end to the state we have come to.}}
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De maneira que quem quiser,
{{So, whoever wants to,}}
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vem comigo para Lisboa e acabamos com isto.
{{come with me to Lisbon and we’ll end this.}}
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Quem é voluntário sai e forma. Quem não quiser vir não é obrigado e fica aqui.
{{Whoever is willing, go outside and form up. Those who don’t want to come are not obliged and stay here.}}
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Salgueiro Maia conseguiu mais do que os voluntários suficientes.
{{Salgueiro Maia managed to gather more than enough volunteers.}}
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O destacamento de cerca de 250 homens e muitas viaturas partiu de Santarém às 03:03 e chegou ao Terreiro do Paço,
{{The detachment of about 250 men and many vehicles left from Santarém at 03:03 and arrived at Terreiro do Paço}}
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em Lisboa, às 05:45.
{{in Lisbon at 05:45.}}
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Pouco depois da sua chegada,
{{Shortly after their arrival,}}
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Salgueiro Maia comunicou por rádio ao posto de comando — “Ocupámos o Terreiro do Paço e controlamos o Banco de Portugal e a Rádio Marconi”.
{{Salgueiro Maia radioed the command post — “We have occupied Terreiro do Paço and control the Bank of Portugal and Radio Marconi.”}}
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Mas estava longe do fim. As forças da GNR e as tropas leais ao governo estavam a caminho.
{{But it was far from over. Forces from the GNR and troops loyal to the government were on their way.}}
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A fragata Gago Coutinho recebeu ordens para disparar sobre a coluna de Salgueiro Maia,
{{The frigate Gago Coutinho received orders to fire on Salgueiro Maia’s column,}}
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mas os artilheiros do navio recusaram-se a obedecer às ordens.
{{but the ship’s gunners refused to obey the orders.}}
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Na praça, Salgueiro Maia avançava em direção a uma fila de soldados do governo que tinham recebido ordem para matar.
{{In the square, Salgueiro Maia advanced towards a line of government soldiers who had received the order to kill.}}
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Manteve-se impávido e sereno,
{{He stood firm and calm,}}
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com os braços estendidos e um lenço branco na mão.
{{with arms outstretched and a white handkerchief in his hand.}}
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Os oficiais e sargentos das tropas governamentais,
{{The officers and sergeants of the government troops,}}
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muitos dos quais antigos colegas de Salgueiro Maia,
{{many of whom were former colleagues of Salgueiro Maia,}}
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passaram para o lado dos revolucionários.
{{went over to the side of the revolutionaries.}}
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Às 11 horas, Salgueiro Maia recebeu ordens do comandante Otelo Saraiva,
{{At 11 o’clock, Salgueiro Maia received orders from Commander Otelo Saraiva,}}
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o chefe da estratégia em Lisboa,
{{the chief strategist in Lisbon,}}
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para levar as suas tropas para o Largo do Carmo e cercar o quartel da Guarda Nacional.
{{to take his troops to Largo do Carmo and surround the National Guard barracks.}}
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Era aí que o chefe do governo,
{{It was there that the head of the government,}}
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Marcelo Caetano, e alguns ministros se tinham refugiado.
{{Marcelo Caetano, and some ministers had taken refuge.}}
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(Após a morte de Salazar em 1970,
{{(After Salazar’s death in 1970,}}
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Caetano sucedeu-lhe).
{{Caetano succeeded him.)}}
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Seguiram-se, provavelmente,
{{What followed were probably}}
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os momentos mais tensos da história da operação.
{{the tensest moments in the history of the operation.}}
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Os tanques do governo estavam a avançar e um helicóptero estava por perto,
{{Government tanks were advancing and a helicopter was nearby,}}
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mas Salgueiro Maia manteve a calma.
{{but Salgueiro Maia remained calm.}}
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Depois, em cima de um blindado e com um megafone,
{{Then, atop an armored vehicle and with a megaphone,}}
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fez um ultimato de rendição.
{{he issued an ultimatum of surrender.}}
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Passaram-se horas sem qualquer resposta do interior.
{{Hours passed with no response from inside.}}
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Finalmente, por volta das 17 horas,
{{Finally, around 17:00 hours (5pm),}}
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Salgueiro Maia decidiu entrar no quartel e conseguiu falar com Marcelo Caetano.
{{Salgueiro Maia decided to enter the barracks and managed to speak with Marcelo Caetano.}}
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Perante o inevitável,
{{Facing the inevitable,}}
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Marcelo Caetano aceitou os termos da rendição,
{{Marcelo Caetano accepted the terms of surrender,}}
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mas só cedeu o poder a um oficial superior,
{{but only ceded power to a superior officer,}}
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o general António de Spínola.
{{General António de Spínola.}}
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O general, que mais tarde viria a ser Presidente da República,
{{The general, who would later become President of the Republic,}}
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foi encarregado de comandar o governo provisório na preparação de eleições livres.
{{was tasked with leading the provisional government in preparation for free elections.}}
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Salgueiro Maia acompanhou Marcelo Caetano em segurança até ao aeroporto,
{{Salgueiro Maia escorted Marcelo Caetano safely to the airport,}}
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onde um avião levou o antigo ditador para o Brasil,
{{where a plane took the former dictator to Brazil,}}
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onde passou o resto da sua vida.
{{where he spent the rest of his life.}}
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A ditadura de mais de quatro décadas tinha terminado sem derramamento de sangue e uma nova era tinha começado.
{{The dictatorship of more than 4 decades had ended without bloodshed, and a new era had begun.}}
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Apesar dos repetidos apelos radiofónicos do MFA para que se permanecesse em casa,
{{Despite repeated radio appeals from the MFA to stay at home,}}
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as ruas foram inundadas por milhares de pessoas que apoiavam os insurretos.
{{the streets were flooded with thousands of people supporting the insurgents.}}
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Como um dos pontos de encontro era junto ao mercado das flores de Lisboa,
{{As one of the meeting points was near the flower market in Lisbon,}}
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os soldados foram presenteados com cravos vermelhos.
{{the soldiers were presented with red carnations.}}
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A imagem dos cravos vermelhos nos canos das armas tornou-se icónica e deu o nome à revolução — a Revolução dos Cravos.
{{The image of red carnations in the barrels of guns became iconic and gave the name to the revolution — the Carnation Revolution.}}
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- 00:00:000PracticePortuguese.com
- 00:00:011.79Neste mês é bom recordar a Revolução dos Cravos de 25 de abril de 1974, This month it's good to remember the Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1974,
- 00:00:1010.07que mudou o rumo da História de Portugal. which changed the course of Portugal's history.
- 00:00:1111.42Um homem que está indelevelmente ligado a estes acontecimentos é Fernando José Salgueiro Maia. A man who is indelibly linked to these events is Fernando José Salgueiro Maia.
- 00:00:1919.61Salgueiro Maia nasceu em 1944 em Castelo de Vide, Salgueiro Maia was born in 1944 in Castelo de Vide,
- 00:00:2323.24perto de Portalegre. near Portalegre.
- 00:00:2424.73Filho único de um trabalhador dos caminhos de ferro, The only son of a railway worker,
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Muito informativo.
Obrigado.