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False Cognates

false cognates

False cognates, also known as falsos amigosfalse friends , are words that look and/or sound similar in two different languages, but that don’t actually have the same meaning. In other words (no pun intended), they “trick” you into thinking they are true cognates.
Let’s start with what’s most important: making sure you don’t run into any doors when you’re in Portugal… 🚪🏃🏽‍♂️
puxarto pull
empurrarto push
So you pull the doors marked PUXE and you push the doors marked EMPURRE . Got it? You sure? Good luck!
And while we’re at it…
pularto jump
Now that that’s cleared up, we’ll continue listing more falsos amigos, followed by the word for what you thought it was:

Verbs

enrolarroll up inscreverenroll, sign up, register
apontaraim, note, jot down, point at nomearappoint
anteciparmove to an earlier time **preveranticipate, predict
atenderpick up, answer, respond to comparecerattend, show up to
realizaraccomplish, direct (movies) perceberunderstand, realize
advertirwarn, advise anunciaradvertise
pretenderintend fingirpretend
resumirsummarize retomarresume
assistirwatch, attend **ajudarhelp, assist
suportarwithstand apoiarsupport
avisarwarn, notify aconselharadvise, counsel
introduzirenter, insert, bring in, introduce(a thing or concept) apresentarintroduce(a person)

** antecipar can sometimes mean to predict, but it’s not the common meaning
** similarly, the verb assistir can also mean to help or aid, but it’s less common

Adjectives

retiradowithdrawn reformadoretired
bem-educadopolite, well-raised **bem instruídowell-educated cultolearned, cultured
convictocertain, convinced condenadoconvicted
esquisitostrange requintadoexquisite refinadorefined
relativosregarding, related parentesrelatives

** This isn’t technically a false cognate, since educado by itself can also mean educated or instructed. However, we think this common mistake is worth mentioning.

Adverbs

atualmentecurrently na verdadeactually, in fact
aliásindeed, in fact, moreover pseudónimoalias, pseudonym cognomealias, nickname
eventualmentepossibly, if necessary finalmenteeventually, ultimately, finally

Concrete Nouns

o balcãocounter a sacadabalcony a varandabalcony
o colarnecklace a golacollar
a fábricafactory o tecidofabric
a gripeflu agarrargrip
a injúriainsult o ferimentoinjury
as legendassubtitles as lendaslegends
a livrariabook store a bibliotecalibrary
os parentesrelatives paisparents
a pastafolder, briefcase o macarrãopasta
o alunostudent o ex-alunoalumnus
o recipientecontainer o destinatáriorecipient
o exércitothe army o exercícioexercise
o lanchesnack o almoçolunch
o colégioprivate school a faculdadecollege a universidadeuniversity, college
a salsaparsley o molhosauce
o bifesteak a carne da vacabeef
o aparelhoequipment a vestimentaclothing, apparel o vestuárioclothing, apparel
o jarrojug, pitcher o boiãojar, pot o potejar, pot
o jornalnewspaper a revistamagazine, journal o periódicoperiodical, journal
o laçobow a rendalace
editorpublisher redatoreditor
o ofíciocraft, trade o escritóriooffice
a entradaappetizer, starter o prato principalmain dish, entree

Abstract Nouns

o compromissoappointment a concessãoconcession, compromise cederyield, compromise, cede (verb)
o costumehabit, custom a fantasiacostume
a datadate os dadosdata
o apontamentonote, memorandum o compromissocommitment, appointment a marcaçãobooking, appointment o agendamentoscheduling, appointment
a deceçãodisappointment a fraudefraud, deception enganarto deceive
o prejuízoloss, harm o preconceitoprejudice
a taxafee o impostotax
o êxitosuccess a saídaexit
a ingenuidadenaivety a criatividadecreativity, ingenuity
a notícianews o avisonotice
a leiturareading a aulaclass, lesson, lecture a palestralecture, talk, presentation a liçãolesson

Don’t let them trick you — they’re not your friends! 😈

To lock the true meaning in your memory, let’s practice using false cognates in the lessons to follow…

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